Berkeley county was established in 1772 and named for Norborne Berkeley, colonial Governor of Virginia. Later, both Jefferson and Morgan counties were formed from parts of Berkeley County.
Northern entry to the Shenandoah Valley along the Great Philadelphia Wagon Road (today’s I-81), Berkeley County was a magnet for 18th-century settlers drawn by the fertile land and numerous streams. Mill sites and early plantations still dot the landscape. Commercial agriculture remains important although its land is increasingly over-taken by development in this, one of the fastest growing counties in America.
Local industry evolved from mills and distilleries to textile production and railroads to large-scale manufacturing and printing. Limestone deposits fueled a quarrying industry and quarries still make for compelling scenery.
Mountains define the western border marked by a series of well used gaps. Apple Pie Ridge has been noted as a fruit belt of apples and peaches since 1740.
George Washington often visited the area and drew from it some of his most faithful soldiers in both the French and Indian and Revolutionary wars. Berkeley County sent nearly half its male population to fight for independence and gave five generals to the cause. Civil War activity included the first cavalry action of the conflict near Falling Waters.
The county’s rich history is preserved in the more than 25 historic districts seen along the Trail.
